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The definitive Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. First published in 1906, BDB remains the standard reference for biblical Hebrew scholarship, organizing entries by trilateral Semitic roots with comprehensive etymological analysis.
These entries are particularly important for Christian apologetics, addressing key theological terms, messianic prophecy debates, and common points of discussion with Jewish counter-missionaries and other religious traditions.
God, gods, divine beings
Critical for ApologeticsThe LORD, the personal name of the God of Israel
Critical for ApologeticsLord, my Lord (used of God)
Apologetically SignificantGod, god, mighty one
Apologetically Significantspirit, breath, wind
Critical for Apologeticsholiness, holy thing, sanctuary
Apologetically Significantcovenant, treaty, agreement
Critical for Apologeticslaw, instruction, teaching
Critical for Apologeticslovingkindness, steadfast love, covenant loyalty
Apologetically SignificantGod, gods, divine beings
The LORD, the personal name of the God of Israel
Lord, my Lord (used of God)
God, god, mighty one
spirit, breath, wind
holiness, holy thing, sanctuary
covenant, treaty, agreement
law, instruction, teaching
lovingkindness, steadfast love, covenant loyalty
young woman (of marriageable age)
virgin, maiden
anointed, anointed one, Messiah
holy, sacred, set apart
righteousness, justice
faithfulness, reliability, steadfastness; faith
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (BDB) was first published in 1906 by Francis Brown, Samuel Rolles Driver, and Charles Augustus Briggs. It remains the standard reference lexicon for Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic.
BDB organizes entries by trilateral Semitic roots, reflecting the morphological structure of Hebrew. This root-based approach allows scholars to trace semantic connections between related words and understand the underlying patterns of Hebrew word formation.
Learn how to use BDB effectively